Wednesday, 27 July 2011
Blood Donation More Risky For Teenagers
Compared to older blood donors, sixteen and seventeen year olds are much more likely to experience complications related to donation, such as fainting and bruising. This was published in a study in JAMA published on May 21, 2008.
According to the authors, blood donation centers are continuously challenged with finding more safe blood as donors dwindle. They write: "The unremitting need and increasing demand for blood components constantly challenges blood centers to maintain a safe and adequate blood supply from a decreasing pool of eligible donors that is now estimated at only 38 percent of the U.S. adult population." To find eligible donors, blood centers have advocated several measurements for recruitment, including legistlation allowing the collection of blood from donors aged 16 to 17 years in states that do not presently allow it. Of the American Red Cross's present donations, 14.5% of come from the 16 to 19 year old group annually, according to the article.
It has previously been suggested that younger donors are more susceptible to complications from donation. To investigate this, Anne F. Eder M.D., Ph.D., of the American Red Cross, Washington, D.C., and colleagues examined the adverse reactions experienced by 16 and 17 year olds. Data was collected in 1996 from nine American Red Cross blood centers which regularly collect donations from this age group, which comprises approximately 80% of donations in high school blood drives. In this time, 145,678 whole blood donations were collected from 16- and 17-year-olds (group 16-17), 113,307 from 18- and 19-year-olds (group 18-19), and 1,517,460 from donors age 20 years or older (group 20+).
Complications, including loss of consciousness or bruising, were present in 10.7% of donations made by 16-17, 8.3% made by 18-19, and 2.8% made by 20+. In comparison to 18-19 and 20+, the 16-17 group was more likely to experience some loss of consciousness or major complications. Injuries directly related to fainting were not common, and for every 10,000 blood collections there were 86 events in group 16-17. That said, this was 2.5 more likely in this group than group 18-19, and 14 times more likely than in group 20+. Almost half of all injuries in total occurred in sixteen and seventeen year old donors. Many episodes required outside medical care, including many involving concussion, laceration involving stitches, dental injuries, or broken jaw.
These complications correlated repeat donor rates. Sixteen year old donors with even minor complications were 60% less likely to return to donate within 12 months in comparison with those who experienced no complications (52% versus 73% return rate). The researchers write that this likely influenced donors interest in returning: "Consequently, any negative experience diminishes the likelihood of return blood donation, and increases the possibility that a short-term yield in donations incurs the ultimate expense of deterring future blood donation by young donors. These findings are particularly pertinent at a time when blood centers are becoming increasingly reliant on young donors to maintain an adequate blood supply. "
They conclude, stating that these results should be considered in the application of new legislation. "These data on common and infrequent complications of blood donation should be considered when age limits are deliberated by state authorities. The relatively comparable reaction rates in 16- and 17-year-old donors, and their increased complication rates compared with young adults and adults, suggest the need for a consistent approach. Blood centers have an obligation to constantly monitor risks of blood donation and to make a concerted and committed effort to achieve the lowest possible rate of complications. Although zero risk may not be attainable even in adults, the rate of complications in minors calls for ongoing attention to a sustained operational effort that is continually focused on donation safety."
According to the authors, blood donation centers are continuously challenged with finding more safe blood as donors dwindle. They write: "The unremitting need and increasing demand for blood components constantly challenges blood centers to maintain a safe and adequate blood supply from a decreasing pool of eligible donors that is now estimated at only 38 percent of the U.S. adult population." To find eligible donors, blood centers have advocated several measurements for recruitment, including legistlation allowing the collection of blood from donors aged 16 to 17 years in states that do not presently allow it. Of the American Red Cross's present donations, 14.5% of come from the 16 to 19 year old group annually, according to the article.
It has previously been suggested that younger donors are more susceptible to complications from donation. To investigate this, Anne F. Eder M.D., Ph.D., of the American Red Cross, Washington, D.C., and colleagues examined the adverse reactions experienced by 16 and 17 year olds. Data was collected in 1996 from nine American Red Cross blood centers which regularly collect donations from this age group, which comprises approximately 80% of donations in high school blood drives. In this time, 145,678 whole blood donations were collected from 16- and 17-year-olds (group 16-17), 113,307 from 18- and 19-year-olds (group 18-19), and 1,517,460 from donors age 20 years or older (group 20+).
Complications, including loss of consciousness or bruising, were present in 10.7% of donations made by 16-17, 8.3% made by 18-19, and 2.8% made by 20+. In comparison to 18-19 and 20+, the 16-17 group was more likely to experience some loss of consciousness or major complications. Injuries directly related to fainting were not common, and for every 10,000 blood collections there were 86 events in group 16-17. That said, this was 2.5 more likely in this group than group 18-19, and 14 times more likely than in group 20+. Almost half of all injuries in total occurred in sixteen and seventeen year old donors. Many episodes required outside medical care, including many involving concussion, laceration involving stitches, dental injuries, or broken jaw.
These complications correlated repeat donor rates. Sixteen year old donors with even minor complications were 60% less likely to return to donate within 12 months in comparison with those who experienced no complications (52% versus 73% return rate). The researchers write that this likely influenced donors interest in returning: "Consequently, any negative experience diminishes the likelihood of return blood donation, and increases the possibility that a short-term yield in donations incurs the ultimate expense of deterring future blood donation by young donors. These findings are particularly pertinent at a time when blood centers are becoming increasingly reliant on young donors to maintain an adequate blood supply. "
They conclude, stating that these results should be considered in the application of new legislation. "These data on common and infrequent complications of blood donation should be considered when age limits are deliberated by state authorities. The relatively comparable reaction rates in 16- and 17-year-old donors, and their increased complication rates compared with young adults and adults, suggest the need for a consistent approach. Blood centers have an obligation to constantly monitor risks of blood donation and to make a concerted and committed effort to achieve the lowest possible rate of complications. Although zero risk may not be attainable even in adults, the rate of complications in minors calls for ongoing attention to a sustained operational effort that is continually focused on donation safety."
EVERYONE CAN GIVE THE GIFT OF LIFE!
Make donating blood with regularity a part of your life. The process is simple and safe. Minority groups have something special to give. Different groups of people have different percentages of blood types. Thus, it is important that every ethnic group participate in blood donation programs. Remember: you can save the life of a friend, a neighbor, and also a family member.
Who can donate blood?- All donors must be at least 17 years old or older.
- All donors must weigh 100 lbs. or more. Donors who undergo apheresis should weigh at least 110 lbs.
- All donors must be in good health. You can still donate if you are taking medication although it depends on your state of health and the type of medication.
Some people can be deferred from donating blood temporarily or permanently. Some of these reasons are:
Temporarily Deferred:
People who:
People who:
- Have had a heart attack in the last six to twelve months.
- Have had malaria in the last three years.
- Have visited areas where malaria is found in the last year.
- Have received blood, plasma or other types of components in the last year.
- Have been tattooed in the last year.
- Have had cardiac surgery in the last year or those who have not completely recuperated from the surgery and who are taking cardiovascular medicine.
- Have been exposed to someone with hepatitis within the last year.
- Are not feeling well the day of the blood donation.
- Have taken antibiotics within the last 24 to 72 hours.
Permanently Deferred:
People who:
People who:
- Have had hepatitis at age eleven or older.
- Have received chemotherapy or radiation for the treatment of cancer.
- Are at high risk of contracting the HIV virus/AIDS.
- Due to current concerns with bovine spongiform encephalopathy and new-variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, blood centers are deferring donors who spent any cumulative period of 3 or more months in the United Kingdom from 1980 through 1996. Please consult your regional blood center regarding other possible deferral policies.
- First, you want to register and answer a series of questions concerning your medical history.
- Second, you will take a health examination and your pulse, blood pressure, temperature and iron level will be measured.
- When you donate, you will feel a little pain from the prick of the needle. The donation process will take 10-15 minutes.
- After donating, you will relax for a minute while you are being served cookies and juice.
Advice for first-time donors:
Anxiety and fears are normal. Many people are afraid of donating blood. Once you have donated, you will overcome your fears. Asking questions helps to relax. Visualize this experience as an opportunity to help at least three people who are ill.Before donating, you should know…
- What is the first step? You will need to give basic information such as your name, address, age, etc. You will also be asked about your medical history and then a drop of your blood will be analyzed for iron level. Your pulse, blood pressure and temperature will also be checked.
- How long does blood donation take? The duration is 10-15 minutes, not including the time you will need to relax. The total process will take about 35 to 45 minutes.
- How will I feel after donating blood? The majority of people feel fine, especially donors who have eaten a regular meal before donating. When you are done, drink lots of liquids within the next 24 hours.
- Can I donate during my menstrual period? Yes, if you feel fine.
- How soon can I play sports? Avoid muscle exercises, rough movements and heavy activities such as weight lifting or picking up objects the first 4-5 hours after the donation.
- What is the waiting period from one blood donation to the next? The waiting period to donate blood is 56 days (you can donate up to 6 times per year).
- Are there any possibilities of contracting the HIV virus or other infections? No. All of the materials used for the collection of blood are new and have never been used before. All of the materials are thrown away immediately after they are used.
***About 4,000,000 persons will need blood this year, which corresponds to one person every 12 seconds***
In donating blood, you are converted into a hero in many ways.
- Your donation can save the lives of up to 3 patients. These patients can have cancer, be victims of accidents, be in need of organ transplants or have chronic illnesses.
- Sometimes blood can be utilized to replace lost blood from people in life or death situations.
- Plasma, the yellow liquid portion of the blood, reduces bleeding through coagulation factors.
- The platelets that also assist in the coagulation are fragile cells that are needed by patients with leukemia and other cancers. These platelets should be transfused within the first five days after the donation.
- The red cells help to treat anemia and increases the blood's ability to transport oxygen during surgical procedures.
How is blood used?
Your pint of blood has the possibility of saving lives. This is how it works:- Red cells are used during surgery or after an accident to replace the blood volume and maintain the oxygen flow in all the cells of the body.
- Plasma can be given to victims from burns and accidents to increase intravascular volume. Derivatives of plasma are used for the treatment of hemophilia and other blood diseases.
- Platelet transfusions are frequently utilized to replace platelets destroyed during chemotherapy for treatment of leukemia and other forms of cancer.
Donate Blood Why...?? More than 100 reasons
Blood Donation Quotes
SLOGANS ON BLOOD DONATION
Donor Motivators and Donor Organisers often look for suitable slogan for their campaign. Here are some slogans collected or coined or used by them.
These slogans with suitable visuals can be converted into posters.
Slogans on Blood Donation
1 A bottle of blood saved my life. Was it yours?
2 My son is back home because you donated Blood.
3 Ma is coming back home because you gave Blood.
4 Blood donation is a friendly gesture.
5 Blood owners should be Blood Donors.
6 Blood is meant for circulation. Donate Blood.
7 Blood Donors bring Sunshine.
8 Keep Blood Bank shelves full. You may need Blood someday.
9 Someone is needing Blood somewhere.
10 Life of some patients is resting on a fraction of hope in quest of your gift of love.
11. A life in the surgeon’s hand may be yours. Donate Blood for tomorrow.
12. Observe your birthday by donating Blood.
13. Wouldn’t you have given blood if this child was yours?
14. Donate Blood – Gift life.
15. Give mankind the greatest gift. Donate blood when Blood Bank comes to your place.
16. A few drops of your Blood can help a life to bloom.
17. At 18 you grow up. At 18 you drive. At 18 you give Blood to keep
someone alive.
18. Give the gift that keeps on living. Donate Blood.
19. We need you to save life.
20. You don’t have to have a medical degree to save a life. Just a fair degree of humanity. Give Blood. Save Life.
21. Blessed are the young who can Donate Blood.
22. Blood donation will cost you nothing but it will save a life !
23. Patients need your gift of love to fight against mortal sickness.
24. Your donation of Blood today may be an investment for your future.
25. Share blood – Share life.
26. It is a joy to give Blood.
27. Tears of a mother cannot save her Child. But your Blood can.
28. Be a Blood Donor and save a life.
29. Donation of Blood means a few minutes to you but a lifetime for somebody else.
30. People can get along without teeth or hair but not without Blood.
31. Donation of Blood is harmless and safe.
32. Safe Blood starts with me.
33. You can Donate Blood 168 times between the age of 18 - 60 years.
34. Your refusal to Donate Blood may cost a life of your near and dear one.
35. A life is waiting for a bag of Blood from you.
36. Remember, today you can give your blood. Tomorrow your near and dear one may need it.
37. Every tomorrow needs a blood donor today.
38. Many things in this world can wait but transfusion of Blood to a dying patient cannot.
39. Calling Blood Donors to save life. Can you hear?
40. Give a gift of love. Your own Blood.
41. Vote for life with your Blood.
42. Be a Life Guard. Give Blood to save life.
43. Have you donated Blood? If not
— do it Now.
44. Give the gift of Blood, the gift of life.
45. For every 1000 who can Donate Blood only four do! What about you! Give Blood and gift a life.
46. Blood is meant to circulate. Pass it around.
47. If blood bank gives blood only to the blood donors, what would be the chance of those who depend on you?
48. Five minutes of your time + 350 ml. of your blood = One life saved.
49. I am a blood donor. Are you too ?
50. The finest gesture one can make is to save life by donating blood.
51. Blood donors bring a ray of hope.
52. Blood for human comes from human beings only.
53. Blood Bank cannot get Blood from stone.
54. Blood Donation would not hurt you, but it would save a life.
55. Thank you, Blood Donor. Be a regular Blood Donor.
56. Blood has no substitute as yet.
57. Anybody having a heart to respond can donate blood to save life.
58. Blood donation – a Gift of Love.
59. Do not shed blood. Donate Blood.
60. You can be a life saver without knowing swimming.
61. Have a heart. Give Blood.
62. Donate Blood so that others may live.
63. Donation of Blood makes a difference between life and death.
64. It is time to roll up your sleeve to offer your gift of love.
65. Share a little, care a little
– Donate Blood.
66. You too can have the joy of saving a man’s life by donating Blood.
67. Do you have a blood donor friend to stand by you in time of your need?
68. You too can take up the job of saving a life by just donating your blood.
69. Do you make friendship with Blood Donors?
70. Let us be blood brothers.
71. Let Blood bind us together in friendship for ever.
72. The colour of human blood is red all over the world. Anywhere you can donate your Blood.
73. It’s time to go to Blood Donation Camp.
74. Donating Blood is a social responsibility
75. The blood is red gold in time of saving a life.
76. Blessed are the young who can give back life with their blood — Donate Blood, save a life.
77. To the young and healthy it’s no loss. To sick it’s hope of life. Donate Blood to give back life.
78. Donate blood to save the dying.
79 Care, share and live by donating Blood.
80. Among flowers — the Rose.
81. Share the joy of life, give the life of a child by donating Blood.
82. I am proud, there is blood donor in my family.
83. The Blood Donor of today may be recipient of tomorrow.
84. Voluntary Blood Donors are the key to safe blood.
85. Many people pray for mountains to be moved when all they need is to climb. Donate Blood for your near and dear one.
86. Excuses never save a life. Blood donation does.
87. Smile and give, some one will smile and live.
88. Someone lives when someone gives. There is no substitute of human Blood.
89. The finest gesture one can make is to save life by donating Blood.
90. Drive carefully — otherwise you might need me — I am a Blood Donor.
91. Share the happiness of glory. There is a feeling of joy when you give the gift of Blood.
92. It will cost you nothing-it will save a life!
93. Don't be Blood thirsty: share some of it with others.
94. When anyone signs a blood donor form, he is signing a lease of life for someone else.
95. Your Blood is worth bottling!
96. You take holidays-the Blood Bank doesn't.
97. To give blood you need neither extra strength nor extra food.
98. It's a joy to give Blood.
99. A life may depend on a gesture from you. a bottle of Blood.
100. Your friends, neighbours and colleagues can become Blood Donors: recruit them and send us their names and addresses on a post-card.
Lovely Thoughts for Lovely People Just Like You
Donor Motivators and Donor Organisers often look for suitable slogan for their campaign. Here are some slogans collected or coined or used by them.
These slogans with suitable visuals can be converted into posters.
Slogans on Blood Donation
1 A bottle of blood saved my life. Was it yours?
2 My son is back home because you donated Blood.
3 Ma is coming back home because you gave Blood.
4 Blood donation is a friendly gesture.
5 Blood owners should be Blood Donors.
6 Blood is meant for circulation. Donate Blood.
7 Blood Donors bring Sunshine.
8 Keep Blood Bank shelves full. You may need Blood someday.
9 Someone is needing Blood somewhere.
10 Life of some patients is resting on a fraction of hope in quest of your gift of love.
11. A life in the surgeon’s hand may be yours. Donate Blood for tomorrow.
12. Observe your birthday by donating Blood.
13. Wouldn’t you have given blood if this child was yours?
14. Donate Blood – Gift life.
15. Give mankind the greatest gift. Donate blood when Blood Bank comes to your place.
16. A few drops of your Blood can help a life to bloom.
17. At 18 you grow up. At 18 you drive. At 18 you give Blood to keep
someone alive.
18. Give the gift that keeps on living. Donate Blood.
19. We need you to save life.
20. You don’t have to have a medical degree to save a life. Just a fair degree of humanity. Give Blood. Save Life.
21. Blessed are the young who can Donate Blood.
22. Blood donation will cost you nothing but it will save a life !
23. Patients need your gift of love to fight against mortal sickness.
24. Your donation of Blood today may be an investment for your future.
25. Share blood – Share life.
26. It is a joy to give Blood.
27. Tears of a mother cannot save her Child. But your Blood can.
28. Be a Blood Donor and save a life.
29. Donation of Blood means a few minutes to you but a lifetime for somebody else.
30. People can get along without teeth or hair but not without Blood.
31. Donation of Blood is harmless and safe.
32. Safe Blood starts with me.
33. You can Donate Blood 168 times between the age of 18 - 60 years.
34. Your refusal to Donate Blood may cost a life of your near and dear one.
35. A life is waiting for a bag of Blood from you.
36. Remember, today you can give your blood. Tomorrow your near and dear one may need it.
37. Every tomorrow needs a blood donor today.
38. Many things in this world can wait but transfusion of Blood to a dying patient cannot.
39. Calling Blood Donors to save life. Can you hear?
40. Give a gift of love. Your own Blood.
41. Vote for life with your Blood.
42. Be a Life Guard. Give Blood to save life.
43. Have you donated Blood? If not
— do it Now.
44. Give the gift of Blood, the gift of life.
45. For every 1000 who can Donate Blood only four do! What about you! Give Blood and gift a life.
46. Blood is meant to circulate. Pass it around.
47. If blood bank gives blood only to the blood donors, what would be the chance of those who depend on you?
48. Five minutes of your time + 350 ml. of your blood = One life saved.
49. I am a blood donor. Are you too ?
50. The finest gesture one can make is to save life by donating blood.
51. Blood donors bring a ray of hope.
52. Blood for human comes from human beings only.
53. Blood Bank cannot get Blood from stone.
54. Blood Donation would not hurt you, but it would save a life.
55. Thank you, Blood Donor. Be a regular Blood Donor.
56. Blood has no substitute as yet.
57. Anybody having a heart to respond can donate blood to save life.
58. Blood donation – a Gift of Love.
59. Do not shed blood. Donate Blood.
60. You can be a life saver without knowing swimming.
61. Have a heart. Give Blood.
62. Donate Blood so that others may live.
63. Donation of Blood makes a difference between life and death.
64. It is time to roll up your sleeve to offer your gift of love.
65. Share a little, care a little
– Donate Blood.
66. You too can have the joy of saving a man’s life by donating Blood.
67. Do you have a blood donor friend to stand by you in time of your need?
68. You too can take up the job of saving a life by just donating your blood.
69. Do you make friendship with Blood Donors?
70. Let us be blood brothers.
71. Let Blood bind us together in friendship for ever.
72. The colour of human blood is red all over the world. Anywhere you can donate your Blood.
73. It’s time to go to Blood Donation Camp.
74. Donating Blood is a social responsibility
75. The blood is red gold in time of saving a life.
76. Blessed are the young who can give back life with their blood — Donate Blood, save a life.
77. To the young and healthy it’s no loss. To sick it’s hope of life. Donate Blood to give back life.
78. Donate blood to save the dying.
79 Care, share and live by donating Blood.
80. Among flowers — the Rose.
81. Share the joy of life, give the life of a child by donating Blood.
82. I am proud, there is blood donor in my family.
83. The Blood Donor of today may be recipient of tomorrow.
84. Voluntary Blood Donors are the key to safe blood.
85. Many people pray for mountains to be moved when all they need is to climb. Donate Blood for your near and dear one.
86. Excuses never save a life. Blood donation does.
87. Smile and give, some one will smile and live.
88. Someone lives when someone gives. There is no substitute of human Blood.
89. The finest gesture one can make is to save life by donating Blood.
90. Drive carefully — otherwise you might need me — I am a Blood Donor.
91. Share the happiness of glory. There is a feeling of joy when you give the gift of Blood.
92. It will cost you nothing-it will save a life!
93. Don't be Blood thirsty: share some of it with others.
94. When anyone signs a blood donor form, he is signing a lease of life for someone else.
95. Your Blood is worth bottling!
96. You take holidays-the Blood Bank doesn't.
97. To give blood you need neither extra strength nor extra food.
98. It's a joy to give Blood.
99. A life may depend on a gesture from you. a bottle of Blood.
100. Your friends, neighbours and colleagues can become Blood Donors: recruit them and send us their names and addresses on a post-card.
Lovely Thoughts for Lovely People Just Like You
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